Learning Objectives

• Explain why teaching all children to read should be a national priority.
• Explain how brain activation patterns differ in poor and skilled readers.
• Identify the five essential components of effective reading instruction.
• Describe the four types of reading assessment and their purpose.
• Explain what causes the Matthew effects and fourth-grade slump.
• Identify three common profiles of students with reading difficulties.

Key Vocabulary

academic language
differentiated instruction
dyslexia
English-language learners (ELLs)
foundational skills
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)